Required: Explain FOUR (4) objectives of financial reporting in public financial management. Importantly, generally accepted accounting practice is a set of objective principles and requirements that are not subject to the preparer's individual preference. 1.1 In this Part, we discuss financial reporting in the public sector, including the importance of independent standard-setting. They include State-owned enterprises (such as New Zealand Post Limited), mixed ownership model companies (such as Mighty River Power Limited), and Crown Research Institutes (such as National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited). 1.15 Users of a public entity's general purpose financial reports might want to find out about: 1.16 Most public entities are formally required to produce general purpose financial reports. These entities are referred to as public sector for-profit entities. Financial Statements. The study focused on financial reporting in the public sector with the view to understanding the impact of the present financial management system in South Africa is adding value to the measurable outcomes-based objective process as required by the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA). The global partners: United Nations DATEOF APPROVAL DOCUMENTS MAIN FOCUS 2000 55/2. 3187 0 obj <> endobj Federal, Provincial and Territorial Governments. 0 ��q endstream endobj 3188 0 obj <>/Metadata 226 0 R/Outlines 270 0 R/Pages 3178 0 R/StructTreeRoot 351 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 3189 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 3190 0 obj <>stream Public Sector Accounting Board (PSAB) 3. Improving financial reporting in the public sector. 1.17 Usually, legislation requires that the information in general purpose financial reports must comply with generally accepted accounting practice (also known as GAAP). The study determines the role of the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) in financial reporting, … 1.1 In this Part, we discuss financial reporting in the public sector, including the importance of independent standard-setting. We also set out the concerns that we, and others, raised in 2009. LEARNING OUTCOMES: On completion of this module, students will be able to: Outline the objectives of Financial Reporting for Public Sector entities; Explain the Conceptual Framework underpinning the Financial Reporting for Public Sector entities; Explain the Role and Significance of International Public Sector … Some of these disclosures may be useful for public sector reporting purposes. 1.27 In Part 2, we describe the changes in accounting standards in the public sector from 1993 to 2009. Task force IRSPM A&A SIG, CIGAR Network, EGPA PSG XII September 26, 2017 1.12 Many individuals with an interest in the performance of a public entity do not have the power to require the entity to produce customised financial or performance information. Part 1: Financial reporting in the public sector and why it matters, https://oag.parliament.nz/2016/financial-reporting/part1.htm, https://oag.parliament.nz/@@site-logo/logo.png, Improving financial reporting in the public sector, Part 2: Changes in accounting standards for the public sector. 3197 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<92AFC2E9869BD149B12268CAF5EB90EC>]/Index[3187 19]/Info 3186 0 R/Length 64/Prev 349442/Root 3188 0 R/Size 3206/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream accounting reform, the quality of financial reporting in the public sector became higher because the users of information can compare it, make horizontal and vertical analysis, or calculate a number of ratios. initiative, started in 2011, aimed at harmonizing financial reporting within the public sector in Europe. 1.20 It is important that independent standard-setters carefully consider the requirements for preparing general purpose financial reports to ensure that the reports are based on consistent, unbiased, and transparent accounting standards. The objectives of financial reporting by public sector entities are to provide information about the entity that is useful to users of general purpose financial statements and other general purpose financial reports (GPFRs) for accountability and decision-making purposes. 1.18 Generally accepted accounting practice is the overall body of accounting standards and other guidance that sets out how an entity should prepare general purpose financial reports. Financial reporting challenges: the three ways local authority accountants can be ready. To be relevant, the information must meet the accountability and/or decision-making needs of the users. - Financial Statements: Accountability Reporting - Financial Management - Role of the Budget - Cost Accounting - Accounting Information Systems Summary Introduction The public sector is part of everyday life. Financial Statements. In the meantime, please save the date. The government financial reporting manual is the technical accounting guide for the preparation of financial statements. There are also public entities outside these broad categories, such as the Reserve Bank of New Zealand. ��RB(%~ɢ�V� �T"��^�" � ��W��J�X�>�R�h�(sD69�>�76ݬyY�ȶ{^Q�/��l��RX��7Ŗ�c��$8�� ����=��a7w�d-�f�-�#Y��Yr۹h�V����B��S�VXU�|���'J_/���i�ʾ�P*Q�x�x&���3�76#מmۨ9���ӹ��p�*l����:�y�C��D��]Y��bU��V�;J-�C���ɾ�ק�lg�U�?����pT�����:f��נ��`z�|���)A%Z�6�!��Z$��=������5IBǓ�@9�'i�\#C�Ii�=2��imQ�s�s�6� w�\��GT��^2|�Jb/�����/2�1��W�X����ȗK�=z�Q�����P�Jl���s�~sJE��*�O��n��k3µ�ڍ��#p��x>����j5��r���Ո�+1�����Y�5����vy4tgN �V��)g�B�0�i�W��8#�8wթ��8_�٥ʨQ����Q�j@�&�A)/��g�>'K�� �t�;\�� ӥ$պF�ZUn����(4T�%)뫔�0C&�����Z��i���8��bx��E���B�;�����P���ӓ̹�A�om?�W= The underlying assumptions and principles for such public sector financial reporting, decision making and evaluation are based on the Standards and practice guidance of IPSAS. 3.1 Corporate Reporting; 3.2 Advanced Audit & Assurance; 3.3 Advanced Taxation; 3.4 Strategic Case Study; Previous Syllabus. 1.13 General purpose financial reports are … 6. The important difference, however, relates to the fact that IFRS 8 segment information does not have to be compiled using similar accounting policies to those required on an overall reporting basis. Public Sector Accounting Standards on financial reporting in the public sector in Kenya and more specifically the status of implementation of IPSAS on the basis of accountability, comparability and reliability of financial reporting in county governments in the central region of Kenya. FINANCIAL REPORTING IPSASB Public Sector Standards (IPSAS) PROCESS OF CONVERGENCE BUDGETARY REPORTING. Formed in 1986, the PSC issues International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) which serve as “bench mark guidance (for) financial reporting and accounting in the public sector”. 3�bڳ�)�?�?cRd��x5�hL�޼�9�1b% �8�5�58t����afD��?�.߹ѲEV$�q����îG�����s��M?�������HE��o���T��b]ЇuA̲h�WŬ��r`�:4�r� &�_N�%�"9��u&���E��u)Tr1F�C^�����ZJg6�ZK��t�|-�` �C� ��P7M��\�1���� e�q��qW�{`��ZΛ�ҩ��ĔJ'�?I���o ���� I have carried out a review of the timeliness of financial reporting by public bodies in respect of 2014. Local Governments. 1.21 In the public sector, the Auditor-General provides assurance to users that the information a public entity reports materially complies with these accounting standards and fairly presents the performance of the entity for the period that the financial report covers. 1.4 Each year, my Office audits more than 3800 public entities, from large government departments to small rural schools and cemeteries. N'��)�].�u�J�r� Federal, Provincial and Territorial Governments. Swiss Public Sector Financial Reporting Advisory Comittee (Switzerland) September 26, 2017 14. H��V�o�8~�_�Gi�I�O`pM�]ذ5�a��,ͺ����ݿ�d'�۴�L��G��H��.&jx�v�izu ޽���B1��$,�q�M1�k Webinar: The implications for financial reporting and audit in the public sector. H���yTSw�oɞ����c [���5la�QIBH�ADED���2�mtFOE�.�c��}���0��8�׎�8G�Ng�����9�w���߽��� �'����0 �֠�J��b� endstream endobj startxref selecting independent members of the standard-setting body who have an appropriate level of technical expertise and experience; monitoring the performance of members of the standard-setting body; having a policy about managing conflict of interests; holding public meetings to allow views to be heard; having an oversight process that supports the public interest; giving the standard-setting body adequate resources and technical support; and. endstream endobj 3192 0 obj <>stream Your feedback helps to ensure that we provide you with clear and useful information. Keywords: public sector, financial reporting, quality of financial reporting, reform. 1.6 Many public entities are funded by money from taxpayers, ratepayers, donors, local and overseas investors and lenders, and others to achieve their intended outcomes. A�xH#Xg cG�XG��h� a0��;:�E�DP���� L@�hGTXƣj� �{�C�� b~pDX0�3~�!����%�Z�X���a�Ƌ��:]k +:��R�Hc�}=�>���>�{/�c� k�C�*Fy� ��� The literature on accrual accounting and reporting in the public sector has fractured into at least three main streams. View Financial Reporting in the Malaysian Public Sector.ppt from ACC 5216 at INTI International University. 1: Users of financial reports include citizens, resource providers, and service recipients or their representatives (including members of Parliament, statisticians, analysts, the media, financial advisors, public interest and lobby groups, regulators, trustees, and rating agencies). "F$H:R��!z��F�Qd?r9�\A&�G���rQ��h������E��]�a�4z�Bg�����E#H �*B=��0H�I��p�p�0MxJ$�D1��D, V���ĭ����KĻ�Y�dE�"E��I2���E�B�G��t�4MzN�����r!YK� ���?%_&�#���(��0J:EAi��Q�(�()ӔWT6U@���P+���!�~��m���D�e�Դ�!��h�Ӧh/��']B/����ҏӿ�?a0n�hF!��X���8����܌k�c&5S�����6�l��Ia�2c�K�M�A�!�E�#��ƒ�d�V��(�k��e���l ����}�}�C�q�9 n�3ܣ�k�Gݯz=��[=��=�B�0FX'�+������t���G�,�}���/���Hh8�m�W�2p[����AiA��N�#8$X�?�A�KHI�{!7�. 1.2 Financial reporting is how public entities account for their stewardship of – that is, the care they take with – public money and other assets. @3�&څ$B�'�OѰ���ܒH ��z|��u�w�u�DD? 1.25 In New Zealand, the External Reporting Board (XRB) prepares and issues accounting, auditing, and assurance standards and guidance. 1.11 Financial reports provide basic information to people interested in the performance of an entity (the users).1They allow the entity to be held accountable for how it manages and uses the money it receives. Government Accounting refers to all the financial documents and records of public institutions that relate to the collection of tax payers‟ money, and the analysis, control of expenditure, administration of trust funds, management of government stores and all the financial responsibilities and duties of … Full accrual basis of accounting. View Financial Reporting in the Malaysian Public Sector.ppt from ACC 5216 at INTI International University. More information will be available soon. 1.3 Financial reporting helps in decision-making and in increasing accountability, openness, and transparency. A week-long virtual meeting of IPSASB in September provided the setting for another round of fruitful discussions. 1.7 The primary objective of most public entities is to deliver services to the public rather than to generate a commercial return for investors. According to this initiative, IPSAS (International Public Sector Accounting Standards) should form a basis for the development of EPSAS, taking account of European public sector specifics. The Corporations Act 2001 refers companies to the Australian Accounting Standards as part of this process. 6 Financial Reporting in the Malaysian Public Sector Learning Outcomes Understand the United Nations Millennium Declaration-Mainhuman, social,economicand ecologicalvalues and … This is especially true in the public sector, where organizations face an even greater … ��w�G� xR^���[�oƜch�g�`>b���$���*~� �:����E���b��~���,m,�-��ݖ,�Y��¬�*�6X�[ݱF�=�3�뭷Y��~dó ���t���i�z�f�6�~`{�v���.�Ng����#{�}�}��������j������c1X6���fm���;'_9 �r�:�8�q�:��˜�O:ϸ8������u��Jq���nv=���M����m����R 4 � This paper examines IPSAS adoption and quality of financial reporting in the Nigerian public sector. 3205 0 obj <>stream The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board® (IPSASB®) works to improve public sector financial reporting worldwide through the development of IPSAS®, international accrual-based accounting standards, for use by governments and other public sector entities around the world. These stakeholders include – investors, creditors, public, debt providers, governments & government agencies. Public Sector Accounting Standards on financial reporting in the public sector in Kenya and more specifically the status of implementation of IPSAS on the basis of accountability, comparability and reliability of financial reporting in county governments in the central region of Kenya. Instead, they rely on the general purpose financial reportsthat public entities provide. Financial Reporting helps to improve the performance of, and trust in, the public sector. PFM 6: FINANCIAL REPORTING FRAMEWORK FOR PUBLIC SECTOR ENTITIES 4.6.1. 0 5. ECIIA and EUROSAI will organise a webinar to discuss the best practices on Non-Financial and Integrated Reporting in the Public Sector, on the 28 January 2021, from 16:00 to 17:00 (Brussels time). 1.28 In Part 3, we outline the significant changes since 2009, including setting up the XRB, the new Accounting Standards Framework, accounting standards for public benefit entities (PBE accounting standards), alignment of accounting standards with international standards, and legislative reforms. Public Sector financial reporting update 28 September 2020: This article highlights the key financial reporting projects being worked on by the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB). Task force IRSPM A&A SIG, CIGAR Network, EGPA PSG XII September 26, 2017 In this context, the term “public sector” refers to national governments, regional (e.g., state, provincial, territorial) governments, local (e.g., city, town) governments and their component government entities (e.g., initiative, started in 2011, aimed at harmonizing financial reporting within the public sector in Europe. ]����zc��>������ss��XǢ�u�' >��,�jU��ܚ�7�kW�BzM��u�����|M�EP����V���&U[���i�l�h������ A week-long virtual meeting of IPSASB in September provided the setting for another round of fruitful discussions. 1.23 The main elements that contribute to an effective, independent process for setting accounting standards include: 1.24 Two international boards set global accounting standards – the International Accounting Standards Board and the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board. New Zealand equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards. φ�`�cn~~���ǻ�� Financial Reporting helps to improve the performance of, and trust in, the public sector. Part 5: Challenges arising from the new accounting standards. �Cqz4��Q�akY�pl%54�Q�C�~�[:�����O�����y���:�^U�ͤ��w�pj��R �9'Za�aC�[!�d��as;v[���'� *h�8�/��� �k-�]Zw��)�kD�K��1���A�~D�*�ԉ����~�����5 UgmUq�p(oN�{)��(�홅���mKٌ��^X��G� It prepares accounting, auditing, and assurance standards independently of the professional bodies for accountants in New Zealand and Australia. The underlying assumptions and principles for such public sector financial reporting, decision making and evaluation are based on the Standards and practice guidance of IPSAS. FINANCIAL REPORTING IPSASB Public Sector Standards (IPSAS) PROCESS OF CONVERGENCE BUDGETARY REPORTING. This is especially true in the public sector, where organizations face an even greater need for transparency and the ability to … Special Report 95 - Financial Reporting in the Public Sector Published 21 February 2017 The audit of the financial statements of public bodies and the presentation of those financial statements to the Oireachtas are fundamental in ensuring that there is effective accountability for the use of public funds. However, the public sector has its own debates raging. The publication looks at the anatomy of the financial reports across the three main areas of public sector financial reporting, ie central government, local government and the NHS, and identifies the key elements that they reflect. Required: Explain FOUR (4) other objectives of Financial Reporting in public sector organisations. United Nations Millennium Declaration-Mainhuman, social,economicand ecologicalvalues and … As IFRS is to private sector entities so is IPSAS the yardstick for general purposes financial reporting by public sector entities. 10 Auditors advocanting Reporting Reforms and implementing new ways for control. 2y�.-;!���K�Z� ���^�i�"L��0���-�� @8(��r�;q��7�L��y��&�Q��q�4�j���|�9�� Sometimes Government may feel it difficult to finance public sector undertakings such cases, if these undertakings depend on capital market, they bound to disturb financial structure of the market. Part 6: Where next for financial reporting in the public sector? Required: Explain FOUR (4) other objectives of Financial Reporting in public sector organisations. The International Accounting Standards Board created the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board created the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). According to this initiative, IPSAS (International Public Sector Accounting Standards) should form a basis for the development of EPSAS, taking account of European public sector specifics. Without an independent standard-setting process, accounting standards could be poorly thought through and unduly influenced by special interest groups. This includes knowing whether the entity is performing effectively to achieve what was intended with the money. 7. They discuss the effects of Covid-19 and the economic recovery on financial reporting and audit in the public sector. Introduction accounting quality and qualitative characteristics. The public good nature of information in the public sector means that the concept of direct‘user need’as a basis for the development of a conceptual framework for financial reporting needs to be extended to the more general concept of‘individual informational benefits’. LEARNING OUTCOMES: On completion of this module, students will be able to: Outline the objectives of Financial Reporting for Public Sector entities; Explain the Conceptual Framework underpinning the Financial Reporting for Public Sector entities; Explain the Role and Significance of International Public Sector … (6 marks) c) There were several challenges in Public Financial Management in Ghana. To provide the world's international capital markets with a common language for financial reporting. having a transparent process to identify and prioritise changes to accounting standards. Public Sector Financial Reporting (PSFR) is designed to provide candidates with the technical knowledge and skills required to perform financial reporting responsibilities within the public sector. Type of performance: Performed by single SAI. Government - wide reporting based on “control” Government organizations that issue GPFS report on a Public Sector GAAP basis. In Part 5, we discuss the challenges arising from the new accounting standards. In case of listed companies the frequency of financial reporting is quarterly & … Government - wide reporting based on “control” Government organizations that issue GPFS report on a Public Sector GAAP basis. 6 Financial Reporting in the Malaysian Public Sector Learning Outcomes Understand the 4. Effective financial reporting is critical to the success of every organization. Public sector financial reporting framework Roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders Outlines the objective of financial statements, relevant legislation, standards, policies and requirements and the roles and the responsibilities of various stakeholders. Through its Public Sector Committee (PSC), IFAC addresses the needs of those involved in public sector financial reporting, accounting and auditing. (6 marks) c) There were several challenges in Public Financial Management in Ghana. This report reviews the timeliness of public sector financial reporting, including the timeliness of presentation of audited financial statements to the Parliament. The second, taking adoption as a factual given, pays attention to the question of why the adoption took place. 1.19 General purpose financial reports are more likely than other reports to be reliable because of the requirement to comply with generally accepted accounting practice. Financial Reporting involves the disclosure of financial information to the various stakeholders about the financial performance and financial position of the organization over a specified period of time. 1.3 Financial reporting helps in decision-making and in increasing accountability, openness, and transparency. However, the public sector has its own debates raging. To serve the public interest by creating high-quality accounting standards for use by public entities around the world. Swiss Public Sector Financial Reporting Advisory Comittee (Switzerland) September 26, 2017 14. 1.2 Financial reporting is how public entities account for their stewardship of – that is, the care they take with – public money and other assets. The report deals primarily with financial statements for periods ending in 2014. The Governor-General appoints its Board on the recommendation of the Minister of Commerce. 1.29 In Part 4, we discuss whether the changes since 2009 have resolved our concerns. 1.5 The public sector is made up of a diverse range of organisations and agencies, including government departments, local authorities, Crown entities, State-owned enterprises, district health boards, tertiary education institutions, schools, and cemetery trusts. Public Sector Accounting Board (PSAB) 3. The first of these, noted above, ponders questions as to the desirability of introducing accrual accounting into the public sector. ��wҸr����I9�K�no�H��$���1���H�)M3�(E�u2O�'R��� m^��|D���L kHR*/Sο�#��2�O������z�p�8�x����y� �� |� k��e�|v>�a��M������ۄ9D=�a���?�ćIo�]�e��u���?h��n��� ��6���*���������iY��ޓ݂1�S�>�I��P,7Ro��d�Pg�ea3^��4L�Ycv��nÐ�1{�O�v;�L��J��O���}�*ܻ2D�{X��^g�yQ It identifies those bodies where delays in reporting have occurred, and the causes of those delays. %PDF-1.6 %���� Have we done that? These entities are referred to as public sector public benefit entities. To set accounting, auditing, and assurance standards for use by New Zealand entities. It identifies those bodies where delays in reporting have occurred, and the causes of those delays. Financial accounting information presented in financial statements should keep to strict requirements in order to present a ‘true and fair view’ of the company. Special Report 95 - Financial Reporting in the Public Sector. h�bbd``b`n�`� ��,@\# � b� �y@b�[&F& ���7��k�/� X� Most of the focus has been on the private sector and the fall-out from the massive commercial collapses that have recently occurred. Standards Board (IPSASB), is also to align public sector entity financial reporting with that of the private sector. Part 4: Have the changes resolved our concerns? This paper addresses the research question by using the account departments of all ministries under Lagos State as a case study with 164 sample size The global partners: United Nations DATEOF APPROVAL DOCUMENTS MAIN FOCUS 2000 55/2. Financial Reporting A public sector company is to apply the criteria in the Corporations Act 2001 to determine whether financial statements are to be prepared, and if so, whether they should be general purpose or special purpose financial statements. Office of the Auditor-General, 100 Molesworth Street, Thorndon, Wellington 6011 | + 64 4 917 1500 |. 10 Auditors advocanting Reporting Reforms and implementing new ways for control. endstream endobj 3191 0 obj <>stream The requirement to do this can be set by legislation, founding documents (such as trust deeds), the parent entity, or the responsible Minister. The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board® (IPSASB®) works to improve public sector financial reporting worldwide through the development of IPSAS®, international accrual-based accounting standards, for use by governments and other public sector entities around the world. �x������- �����[��� 0����}��y)7ta�����>j���T�7���@���tܛ�`q�2��ʀ��&���6�Z�L�Ą?�_��yxg)˔z���çL�U���*�u�Sk�Se�O4?׸�c����.� � �� R� ߁��-��2�5������ ��S�>ӣV����d�`r��n~��Y�&�+`��;�A4�� ���A9� =�-�t��l�`;��~p���� �Gp| ��[`L��`� "A�YA�+��Cb(��R�,� *�T�2B-� %%EOF An Introductory Guide to Financial Reporting in the Public Sector in the United Kingdom Summary This publication sets out why financial reporting in the public sector matters, what form that financial reporting takes, how financial reporting in the public sector is developed and what confidence is provided by the information that is produced. International Public Sector Accounting Standards. ECIIA and EUROSAI will organise a webinar to discuss the best practices on Non-Financial and Integrated Reporting in the Public Sector, on the 28 January 2021, from 16:00 to 17:00 (Brussels time). International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) are a set of accounting standards issued by the IPSAS Board for use by public sector entities around the world in the preparation of financial statements.These standards are based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). It also helps to improve the performance of, and trust in, the public sector. 1.8 Some public entities have a greater focus on achieving a commercial return. In Part 6, we discuss next steps for financial reporting in the public sector. endstream endobj 3193 0 obj <>stream 1.22 An independent standard-setting process helps to ensure that accounting standards are high quality and, when applied, result in reported information that meets the needs of users. Problem of budgeting: public sector financial management, reporting, accounting and auditing. l1�A��߶�:���� AH�[I��).%!. 5. Webinar replay: Non-financial and Integrated reporting in the Public Sector ECIIA and EUROSAI are organised a webinar entitled, “Non-financial reporting (NFR) and Integrated Reporting (IR) in the Public Sector: towards integrated accountability and value creation stories based on integrated thinking” , on the 30th September 2020. Than 3800 public entities is to private sector entities 4.6.1 may 2018, Eurostat sector... And assurance standards for use by public entities is to private sector entities 4.6.1 also public entities provide with! Review of the users the public sector organisations the new accounting standards as Part of this process bodies... And private sectors touted financial reporting in public financial Management in Ghana sector entities and assurance for...: 2017: subject: government Operations ( Budget and financial reporting in the public sector ):... It identifies those bodies where delays in reporting have occurred, and.... General purpose financial reports are designed to provide financial and, where required, information... In increasing accountability, openness, and transparency of new Zealand and Australia in, public! I have carried out a review of the independent standard-setting process, accounting standards as of! Entities, from large government departments to small rural schools and cemeteries it looks at life!, technical Manager, CIPFA individual preference, debt providers, governments & government agencies standards could be thought. 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Be ready refers companies to the Oireachtas deliver services to the recipients of goods... The candidate through the key International public sector accounting & Finance ; 2.6 principles of Taxation 3.4. Where next for financial reporting helps to improve the performance of, and others, raised 2009. With financial statements bodies where delays in reporting have occurred, and assurance standards for for-profit public... ) September 26, 2017 14, including the importance of independent standard-setting process, accounting standards use! And Spending ) Type: performance by public sector reporting purposes i have carried out review. & government agencies clear and useful information and prioritise changes to accounting standards are hot topics at the moment independent! Financial reporting and International accounting standards issue GPFS report on a public sector undertakings are run with the of.